A focus group's report includes time on site, number of clicks, and navigation patterns. What kind of testing is this?

• A. Formative testing
• B. Objective testing
• C. Qualitative testing
• D. Summative testing

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is evaluating usability with concrete, post-design performance data. Time on site, number of clicks, and navigation patterns are objective measurements that show how efficiently and effectively users can complete tasks after the design has been established. Using these metrics to judge whether the product meets usability goals aligns with summative testing, which assesses the product at a later stage to determine if it satisfies the intended criteria. Formative testing, by contrast, is an ongoing, iterative process during development aimed at improving the design, usually relying more on qualitative feedback. Qualitative testing centers on user opinions and experiences rather than numeric metrics.